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Water Treatment Systems

Often times when terms like "hard water" and "water softeners" are discussed, people are left nodding their heads but thinking, "What in the world are they talking about?" The answer is actually pretty easy. Hardness refers to the amount of minerals that water has absorbed from the ground. Most often, hardness refers to the level of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water. Water, being the universal solvent, absorbs a little bit of almost everything with which it comes into contact. (This is one of the reasons it cleans so efficiently.) Water dissolves metals, rocks, waste matter, gases, dust and numerous other substances and continues to contain these substances in a dissolved or suspended state. Since the source of most community and private water systems are from wells, springs or surface lakes or rivers, about 85 percent of usable water is considered hard

Water that is hardened does not clean as well as water that is "soft". When hard water comes into contact with skin, clothes, hair and bathroom fixtures, it leaves behind a white chalky residue. Not only is the residue aesthetically unattractive, it can lead to irritation of the skin by blocking pores. This attracts and holds bacteria that causes chapping and dryness. Hard water also leaves behind minerals that can alter the true color of hair and reduce manageability. Hardness also greatly reduces the effectiveness of soap requiring the use of greater amounts of cleaning products that neither lather up nor rinse as well as softened water.

Hard water has many other disadvantages outside of the bathroom as well. Minerals from the water can build up and clog pipes and appliances, thus shortening the lifespan of water heaters, washing machines and icemakers. Hard water is also difficult to heat and increases water-heating costs about 30 percent each month. Moreover, hard water greatly reduces the longevity of clothes by 15 percent or more.

This is where a water softener comes into play…. To soften water, the minerals that make water hard must be removed. There are several ways to soften water, but the most commonly used method is the ion exchange method. In the ion exchange method (or more specifically, cation exchange) water is softened when water is filtered though a negative charged resin. The negative charged resin attracts the positive charged calcium and manganese ions until the softener is regenerated with a strong salt-brine. When the softener is regenerated, the calcium and manganese ions are removed by backwashing into the septic or sewer drain. The salt brine attaches weaker bonded sodium to the resin which is later exchanged for stronger bonded calcium and manganese during the softening process.

Skin starts to feel softer since natural body oils are no longer absorbed by the hardness. Also, soaps and detergents lather up more easily, thus having to use less cleaning products. Hard water stains start to disappear making bathrooms and kitchens appear more clean and sanitary. Clothes also feels softer and last longer. Hair begins to look fuller and brighter and skin becomes healthier looking. When softened water is used in daily cooking it also helps to improve the taste and appearance of food and beverages.

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